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In addition, WLWH are more likely to suffer a lack of economic and educational opportunities and a history of racial and gender discrimination than HIV seronegative women. Importantly, WLWH (both cis- and transgender) who report recent trauma have more than four times greater odds of antiretroviral failure, independent of adherence, as compared with women who have not experienced recent trauma. For example, the estimated rate of intimate partner violence among WLWH is 55.3%. While the multicomponent positive affect intervention has been tested in mixed-gender, mostly male, samples of PLWH in a one-on-one format, it is crucial to tailor interventions intended to increase positive affect for women living with HIV (WLWH), who are an especially vulnerable population.
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In another randomized trial of the positive affect intervention delivered in-person to men living with HIV (MLWH), the program resulted in durable and clinically meaningful reductions in HIV viral load as well as concomitant improvements in positive affect and reductions in self-reported stimulant use. At ten months post-intervention, participants in the intervention group reported higher past-day positive affect, reductions in intrusive and avoidant thoughts about HIV, and a lower likelihood of being on antidepressants as compared to the control group. The intervention was delivered via one-on-one in-person sessions, and included teaching participants skills that targeted positive affect including noticing and capitalizing on positive events, gratitude, mindfulness, positive reappraisal, focusing on personal strengths, achieving attainable goals, and engaging in altruistic behaviors or acts of kindness. In a large randomized trial, we tested a positive affect intervention on a mostly male (91.7%) sample of people recently diagnosed with HIV. Our group has tested multi-component interventions intended to increase positive affect in PLWH or other populations living with health-related stress. Positive psychological constructs, such as positive affect and spirituality, are associated with better outcomes, including increased engagement in care, increased likelihood of viral suppression, and reduced likelihood of mortality. Understanding predictors of optimal psychological and physical health outcomes for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) is a critical public health issue. A randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the preliminary efficacy of this program on positive affect, depression, and other health outcomes for WLWH. A proof-of-concept program intended to bolster positive emotions and gender empowerment and decrease depression can be tailored for Black WLWH and is relatively feasible and acceptable. A few women suggested that optimal delivery point for some skills taught would be shortly after HIV diagnosis. The program was acceptable and relatively feasible, as assessed by women’s participation and feedback about program clarity and helpfulness, which women rated above 9 on a 10-point scale. We then tested the acceptability and feasibility of this program with 8 Black WLWH. We also added skills to increase gender empowerment. We tailored a program designed to increase positive affect and to decrease depressive symptoms in PLWH to a group format for Black WLWH.
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If you don't see Big Timer in your history, javascript may be disabled in your browser after all.While programs and interventions intended to increase positive affect among people living with HIV (PLWH) and other chronic diseases have been associated with improved health outcomes, including decreased depression, programs have not been tailored specifically for Black women.
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